Rafael • February 21, 2025

【DSE BAFS INVENTORY】 NORMAL LOSS VS ABNORMAL LOSS的處理方法

場景咁多樣 學校剪到王家衛啲片咁教 得唔得呀﹖

1. 很多同學喺學INVENTORY嘅時候根基打得唔好,去到後期題目指示有貨多咗、有貨少咗,佢哋嘅選擇好理所當然係直接調返個INVENTORY


2. 而其實大部分涉貨嘅double entries,我哋都唔會郁到落INVENTORY,首先大家要砌返個啱嘅觀念INVENTORY係核數佬喺財年末隻身走入倉親眼親手數出嚟,所以除非題目話你聽核數佬數錯、又或是數貨前後發生咗啲啲事令佢遺漏,否則我哋都唔搞佢個INVENTORY


3. 同學有3個情況會好想郁個INVENTORY,佢哋嘅共性都係一樣,就係有貨不作銷售用途,例如:a. Founder攞貨自用、公司攞貨當free sample咁派、同埋我陣間詳述嘅NORMAL LOSS/ ABNORMAL LOSS


4. NORMAL LOSS係貨物自然損耗,喺會計角度呢個係你做呢門生意嘅銷貨成本,咁多嘢唔賣你走去賣奶,奶易壞,book落COGS扣血Gross Profit,反映喺行業前景度;ABNORMAL LOSS係涉營運缺失造成的貨物損失,係你公司問題管唔好批貨引致,人哋做得好唔會有呢個問題,呢啲book 落operating expense扣血Net Profit


5. 知道哂來龍去脈就砌埋啲場景:


a. Normal loss 核數前發生

核數前發生normal loss,核數佬聞到啲奶臭咗出哂事係唔會數佢入closing inventory,呢個case 乜都唔使做,因為個loss 喺核數佬數少咗批壞奶時,已變相計入COGS,GP扣足血 


b. Normal Loss 核數後發生

核數後先發生normal loss,斷估核數佬都冇預知能力估到啲貨會壞,當初係完整錄入closing inventory,你作為最後把關果個就要幫佢扣返inventory


Dr. Cost of Good Sold

Cr. Inventory


*阿SIR喺呢篇文point 2講過,我哋絕少搞粒inventory,呢個係其中一個case* 而Inventory嘅對口就係COGS,沒有其他


c. Abnormal Loss 核數前發生

核數前發生Abnormal loss,核數佬喺數貨時將會數唔到,所以唔需要執粒inventory,但如之前所講,Abnormal Loss係唔應該用COGS埋單,跟返有貨買咗返嚟唔係作銷售用途咁做


Dr. Income Statement - Abnormal Loss

Cr. Purchase


簡單啲講,減purchase係當買少咗貨,而inventory因為燒咗所以冇咗,成件事係喺GP果part當冇發生過,Dr. Abnormal loss 將件事當返一單普通expense咁處理


d. Abnormal Loss 核數後發生

核數後先發生abnormal loss,今次好必然要扣返closing inventory

Dr. COGS

Cr. Inventory 


同樣呢壇嘢唔關GP時,減返purchase防止abnormal loss book 咗入COGS

Dr. Abnormal Loss

Cr. Purchase 


6. 睇完哂成個normal loss / abnormal loss嘅教學,你會發現有時BAFS學唔好未必關同學事,而係太多狀況但老師用個好平面、單一formula嘅形式咁講,又或者有性格啲剪到王家衛啲片咁嚟鋪,咁就出事啦

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