【DSE BAFS COSTING 入門 】45分鐘學齊所有COST TYPES、COST BEHAVIORS
Costing 一開閘排山倒海嘅成本種類已經「懷疑人生」?學校話做做下就會明,真係船到橋頭自然直?學BAFS一定要追本索源,明白會計佬點解要咁樣分cost,往後就冇必要再死記硬背:
最強COSTING支援 | 兩課精讀搞掂成個DSE COSTING教程 | 每課額外狂操10年PP
- Absorption Costing vs Marginal Costing
- CVP Analysis & Cost Decision Making
1. Direct Cost vs Indirect Cost
Direct Cost係能夠直接𠝹落cost object嘅cost,如片中所講一齊去唱k,有個肥仔食兩碟飯兩罐汽水,呢啲cost係𠝹返俾佢,就係direct cost,k房最後收固定$200服務費,佢係𠝹唔落是旦一個人度,分唔到邊個計多啲邊個計少啲,呢啲就係indirect cost,indirect cost最終要用個方法去分攤,例如除人頭
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亦都要小心考題將個cost object轉埋嚟fake你,我哋學嘅時候多數啲cost係套落件貨度,2022 DSE有題輕輕問如果cost object轉咗做間廠,咁間廠嘅utility、depreciation、labor cost都會變哂direct,所以都係果句「唔好死背乜嘢cost係direct、乜嘢cost係indirect」,人哋一郁個cost object,死背嘅同學就會變哂failed object
DSE BAFS COSTING 入門 45分鐘搞懂所有成本種類 | https://youtu.be/P7wvdbdSR5Q
2. Prime vs Conversion
Prime Cost 原理上係direct manufacturing cost都要擺入去,想睇嘅係件cost object底盤直接引伸嘅成本,令管層知道貨底係幾錢,便於訂價。Prime Cost基本盤係Direct Material 同 Direct Labor,但正如佢定義所言,我哋劃得落direct嘅manufacturing cost其實劃埋落prime cost係講得通,不過無論喺DSE考題定現實世界都係少見,因為就算depreciation真係由單一產品引致,每件貨食幾多depreciation都可能有好多假設,最終都係靠分攤,但如果題目有逐件計錢嘅版稅(Royalties),就要放埋Prime Cost。
Conversion Cost 係將原料轉化成Finished Good 嘅成本,換句話說即Direct Labor + Variable Production Overhead + Fixed Production Production Overhead,簡單啲講就係成個點石成金嘅過程要幾多錢。留意返Prime Cost 同Conversion Cost 係有重疊部分,所以你唔會喺報表睇到睇到呢兩個cost擺埋一齊,反而個用法係倒返轉報表列齊啲成本,報表用家再按需distill返佢哋當時要睇嘅嘢
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3. Variable、Fixed 、Mixed、Step
Cost Behaviors 對後續學costing非常重要,因為唔同behaviors嘅cost會被放於報表唔同嘅地方。
- Variable cost 係每做多一件cost object就會induce 多一蚊嘅cost,或者官腔啲講係隨著output增加,佢就增加嘅cost。之後喺marginal costing,我哋會用Selling Price減哂啲variable cost 計contribution margin (CM),最後先減fixed cost計net profit (NP)
- Fixed cost 同variable cost係恰恰相反,output 增加減少,佢都係俾咁多。Fixed cost 重嘅公司最怕營業額跌,因為啲cost 冇跟跌,往後學CVP時嘅Margin of Safety% 其實就係計緊間公司有幾多%嘅營業額係用嚟蓋fixed cost、有幾多% 嘅營業額係用嚟搵真銀
- Mixed Cost 又稱semi variable,夾雜fixed同variable component 嘅cost,要學埋hi-lo method用高點同低點個成本差除返個量嘅差,去𠝹返fixed 同variable,咁就殊途同歸擺返佢哋喺適當位置
- Step Cost 係一啲到指定階段會升嘅cost,個cost嘅形態好似向上嘅樓梯級咁,到某階段直上、維持;下一階段直上維持,咁當佢fixed 定variable cost好?focus 返喺你當直用量,直用果粒cost做fixed cost便可
喺cost behavior 學到呢4隻cost,最終都係變返做2種👉🏻fixed / variable 入帳,有陣時同學覺得BAFS好難記,係因為佢哋死記件事,而唔係記著原因,分cost behavior嘅原因係方便之後P&L擺位,同肚餓我就食飯係一樣,你係唔需要記著要食飯
4. Product vs Period
喺financial accounting 嘅concept一課我哋學過matching,佢想你將啲支出book返落相應嘅收入,咁你就justify到gain / loss。
Product cost係將啲成本book落件貨度,因為做件貨所以引伸嘅成本;相反Period cost book 個時期度,前者啲成本跟著隻貨走,如果當期有貨帶去下年,成本入下年本簿;後者則book哂喺發生時期
Under Absorption Costing 同 Marginal Costing,大家對product / period cost定義不同,所以計出嚟嘅NP都會唔同,我哋只要用清兩種視角去諗嘢,其實唔難
一片打開學習costing最靠譜的門 | https://youtu.be/P7wvdbdSR5Q
